Eksport is derived from the conceptual meaning as to ship the goods and services out of the port of a country. The seller of such goods and services is referred to as an "exporter". (Wikipedia)
Import is derived from the conceptual meaning as to bring in the goods and services into the port of a country. The buyer of such goods and services is referred to an "importer". (Wikipedia)
That need to be studied in export import:
A customs territory is a territory with individual customs regulations.
The most common type of customs territory is the sovereign state and the others are the Trade bloc that has a customs union and the autonomous or dependent territory that has independence (or is subject to specific regulations by the central government) in foreign trade and customs policy.
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a sea zone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources. It stretches from the seaward edge of the state's territorial sea out to 200 nautical miles from its coast. In casual usage, the term may include the territorial sea and even the continental shelf beyond the 200-mile limit. ( 1 Mil = 1,852 km , 200 Mil = 370,4 km)
Free Trade Zone called FREE ZONE is located 13 Nautical Miles after the EEZ.
A customs duty is a tariff or tax on the importation (usually) or exportation (unusually) of goods.
Background The occurrence of Import Export:
1. Interdepedensi Needs
Dependent on the need for something else. Because the country has not been able to provide it.
2. Different geographical location
Causes between one and the other countries have different climates so that natural resources are produced is also different.
3. The need for foreign exchange
Foreign exchange is the wealth of foreign currency owned by a country.
1. Foreign exchange can be sold so that the state profits from these sales. Profit from buying and selling rates.
2. Foreign exchange owned by a country can be stored and sold when Exchange Sell riding. And the state will get a huge margin in the transaction.
4. Industrial revolution, transport and telecommunications
- Indrustri Revolution began when James watt steam engine to find invention in England in 1769, causing factories in the UK has become a modern, work faster, produce more goods, so that the excess stock of goods and the goods must be sold outside the UK.
- Transportation Revolution began in the Steam Engine to find his ship and replace the sailboats. And the discovery of the aircraft by the Wright Brothers in America in 1903. Because of these findings cruising, travel time and mileage increase and facilitate people traveling.
- Telecommunications Revolution began when Alexander Graham Bell invented the Telephon that allows people to communicate from a great distance. And found his Word Wide Web (WWW network website) which became the forerunner of the Internet by Benners-Lee in 1980 at Europe's CERN particle Laboratrium.
5. Comparative Advantage
The theory of comparative advantage (theory of comparative advantage) is the theory propounded by David Ricardo. According to him, international trade occurs when there are differences in comparative advantage between countries. He argued that comparative advantage will be achieved if a country capable of producing more goods and services with a cheaper cost than any other country. For example, Brazilia and Indonesia together produce coffee and tin. Brazilia is able to produce copies efficiently and with little cost, but not capable of producing tin in an efficient and inexpensive. In contrast, Indonesia is able to produce tin efficiently and with little cost, but not able to produce copies efficiently and cheaply. Thus, Indonesia has a comparative advantage in producing coffee and Indonesia has a comparative advantage in producing tin. Trade will be mutually beneficial if both countries are willing to exchange coffee and tin.
6. Principle of Economic Liberalization
State looks without boundaries started by Americans in 1938. American interstate trade that is not taxable.
External Barriers in Export and Import:
1. Issues of trust
2. Two countries bilateral relations
3. Membership of International Organizations
4. Freight (Transportation)
Internal Barriers in Export and Import:
1. Terms of the requirements for becoming perpetrators of export and import
2. Knowledge became traffickers International
3. Classifying goods traded
4. Packaging of goods in international trade
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